Name: ______________________________________
Multiple Choice
Directions: Circle the letter that BEST completes each
statement.
1.
A blood-borne pathogen…
a.
is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to
its host
b.
is blood and other potentially infectious materials
pose a serious threat to rescuers who are exposed to these materials.
c.
can result from injuries from contaminated needles and
other sharps.
d.
include the following primary agents of concern in
current occupational settings: the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B
virus, and hepatitis C virus.
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
2.
To reduce the health risk to workers whose duties
involve exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials, OSHA
issued the Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP) Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) on December
6, 1991 (56 FR 64004). The provisions of the standard were based on the
agency's determination that a combination of ___ and other requirements would
minimize the risk of disease transmission.
a.
engineering and work practice controls, and personal
protective equipment
b.
training, medical surveillance, and hepatitis B vaccinations
c.
signs and labels
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
3.
AIDS,
or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is caused by…
a.
touching blood infected with the AIDS virus.
b.
using the same eating utensils and sharing the same beverage
containers as someone who is infected.
c.
infection with a micro-organism called human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
d.
coming in contact with an individual who is contagious
with either HIV or AIDS.
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
4.
The
HIV virus is passed from one person to another through…
a.
shaking hands or any other form of casual contact.
b.
kissing.
c.
sharing food or beverages.
d.
substance abuse.
e.
blood-to-blood
and sexual contact.
f.
All of the above
g.
None of the above
5.
AIDS
can be fatal…
a.
as it
reduces the body's immune system and puts the individual at risk for developing
a number of opportunistic infections that attack the body.
b.
with
the advances in medical treatment for this disease, the onset of AIDS can be
significantly delayed, and there have also been great advances in treatments in
recent years for the patient with AIDS
c.
but, individuals
with HIV/AIDS are increasingly living longer and healthier lives..
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
6.
BSI is:
a.
Body
Substances Isolation.
b.
an
infection control approach that defines all body fluids and substances as being
infectious.
c.
is an
acceptable alternative to Universal
Precautions, provided all necessary provisions are adhered to.
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
7.
Any
contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to,
needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of
dental wires is termed:
a. Medical waste.
b. Infectious Devices.
c. Modern Medical Vivisectionists’
Equipment.
d. Contaminated Sharps.
e. All of the above
f.
None
of the above
8.
Needleless Systems are devices that do not use needles for…
a. the collection of bodily fluids or
withdrawal of body fluids after initial venous or arterial access is
established
b. the administration of medication or
fluids
c.
any
other procedure involving the potential for occupational exposure to
Blood-Borne pathogens due to injuries from contaminated sharps that penetrate
the skin
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
9.
PPE is:
a.
Professional Protective Equipment
b.
Prolonged (exposure) Personal Environments (i.e.,
HazMat Suit)
c.
Paramedic Programming Event
d.
Personal Protective Equipment
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
10. Over 800,000 skin-penetrating
injuries may occur annually and these pose a risk of infection that can range
as high as ____ (HBV)…
a.
0.04%
b.
30%
c.
40%
d.
60%
e.
70%
f.
80%
g.
All of the above
h.
None of the above
11. The industry where workers are most
at risk of exposure to infection from Blood-Borne pathogens is the ________
industry.
a. Healthcare
b. Pharmaceutical
c. Law enforcement
d.
Waste
management
e.
All of the above
12. Who
does the OSHA BBP Standard apply to?
a.
all
employees with occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
materials (OPIM).
b.
members
of the healthcare industry
c.
law
enforcement personnel, firefighters, fireMedics
d.
housekeepers,
janitors, sanitation workers, and laundry workers
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
13. In order for a person to become
infected by a Blood-Borne pathogen, what conditions must be met?
a. The pathogen must be present in a
high enough concentration.
b. The worker must be susceptible to
the pathogen (i.e., not vaccinated).
c.
The
pathogen must pass through an entry site (i.e., open wound or scratch).
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
14. Which of the following could expose
a person to infection by a Blood-Borne pathogen?.
a. Being pricked by a needle while
throwing away a bag containing medical waste.
b. Shaking hands with someone who is
known to have HIV.
c. Cleaning up broken glass that has
blood on it.
d. Standing close to a person who is
coughing.
e.
Washing
laundry that has blood on it.
f.
a, c, and e
g.
b, c, and d
h.
c, d, and e
i.
a, b, and d
j.
All of the above
k.
None of the above
15. How
do needlestick injuries occur?
a.
disposing
of needles,
b.
collecting
and disposing of materials used during patient care procedures
c.
administering
injections and drawing blood
d.
handling
trash or dirty linens where needles have been inappropriately discarded.
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
16. Blood
and other potentially infectious materials pose a serious threat to employees
who are exposed to these materials by percutaneous contact (penetration of the
skin). Injuries from contaminated needles and other sharps have been associated
with an increased risk of disease from more than 20 infectious agents. The
primary agents of concern in current occupational settings are the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus
(HCV).
a.
I
believe I understand this and will comply with BBP guidelines.
b.
I
don’t understand this at all and can’t possibly comply with it.
c.
All of the above
d.
None of the above
17. An
exposure incident includes…
a.
A
specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or contact with
blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the
performance of an rescuer's duties.
b.
Being
outside in the freezing cold without adequate exposure protection.
c.
Being wet in the outside environment.
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
18. OPIMS
is…
a. semen, vaginal secretions,
cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid,
peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid
that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in situations
where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids;
b. Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact
skin) from a human (living or dead); and
c.
HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ
cultures, and HIV- or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and
blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or
HBV.
d.
Other Potentially Infectious Materials
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
19. Parenteral
is…
a.
Piercing
mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human
bites, cuts, and abrasions.
b.
The role a parent of a child has in raising the child
safely.
c.
The way a rescuer teats a patient (i.e., like a parent)
d.
Is a semi-permeable membrane that allows the diffusion
of OPIMS
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
Matching
Directions: Match each item in the left-hand column with the
correct description from the right-hand columns. Write the letter of the
correct description in the space provided or alongside the description. (1 mark
each)
|
___ 1. AIDS
and HIV
___ 2. BBP
___ 3. BSI
___ 4. Contaminated
Sharps
___ 5. Decontamination
___ 6. Engineering
Controls
___ 7. Exposure
Incident
___ 8. HBV
___ 9. HIV
___ 10.Needleless
systems
___ 11.Other
Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIMS)
___ 12.Parenteral
___ 13.PPE
___ 14.Regulated
Waste
___ 15.Sharps
___ 16.Sharps
with engineered sharps injury protections
___ 17.Sterilize
___ 18.Universal
Precautions
___ 19.Work
Practice Controls
|
a.
Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin
including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken
capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires.
b.
Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier
through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.
c.
specialized clothing or equipment worn by a rescuer
for protection against a hazard.
d.
AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is
caused by infection with a microorganism called human immunodeficiency virus
e.
An infection control approach that defines all body
fluids and substances as being infectious.
f.
A non-needle sharp or a needle device used for
withdrawing body fluids, accessing a vein or artery, or administering
medications or other fluids, with a built-in safety feature or mechanism that
effectively reduces the risk of an exposure incident.
g.
Microorganisms that are present in human blood and
can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to,
hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
h.
Human immunodeficiency virus
i.
Controls (e.g., sharps disposal containers,
self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered
sharps injury protections and needleless systems) that isolate or remove the
Blood-Borne pathogens hazard from the workplace.
j.
Devices that do not use needles for: the collection
of bodily fluids or withdrawal of body fluids after initial venous or
arterial access is established; the administration of medication or fluids;
or any other procedure involving the
potential for occupational exposure to Blood-Borne pathogens due to injuries
from contaminated sharps that penetrate the skin.
k.
The use of physical or chemical means to remove,
inactivate, or destroy Blood-Borne pathogens on a surface or item to the
point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles
and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.
l.
A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane,
non-intact skin, or contact with blood or other potentially infectious
materials that results from the performance of an rescuer's duties.
m.
The following human body fluids: semen, vaginal
secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial
fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any
body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in
situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body
fluids; Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human
(living or dead); and HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures,
and HIV- or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and blood,
organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV.
n.
All human blood and certain human body fluids are
treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other Blood-Borne
pathogens.
o.
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by
altering the manner in which a task is performed (e.g., prohibiting recapping
of needles by a two-handed technique).
p.
Usually refers to needles (e.g. hypodermic, IV,
etc.), but can also include blades, scalpels, and other sharp objects that
can puncture the skin.
q.
Hepatitis B virus.
r.
The use of a physical or chemical procedure to
destroy all microbial life.
s.
Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially
infectious materials; contaminated items that would release blood or other
potentially infectious materials in a liquid or semi-liquid state if
compressed; items that are caked with dried blood or other potentially
infectious materials and are capable of releasing these materials during
handling; contaminated sharps; and pathological and microbiological wastes
containing blood or other potentially infectious materials.
|
True-False
Directions: Circle the letter ‘T” if the statement is correct
and “F” if the statement is incorrect. (1 mark each)
T F
1.
As the name suggests,
Blood-Borne pathogens are primarily transmitted through blood. But other bodily
fluids can cause infection as well, such as amniotic fluid, saliva, semen, and vaginal
secretions.
T F
2.
Blood-Borne pathogens can be
transmitted by casual contact such as shaking hands, food or water, sharing a
drinking glass, sneezing, and coughing.
T F
3.
Cleaning up broken glass that
has blood on it could expose you to BBP.
T F
4.
Washing laundry that has blood
on it will not expose you to BBP.
T F
5.
Needlestick injuries account
for the largest number of accidental exposures to blood each year.
T F 6.
The three primary diseases of
concern that can be caused by Blood-Borne pathogens are Hepatitis A,
Tuberculosis, and HIV.
T F 7.
Currently, there is no cure for
hepatitis C and no effective vaccine. The best prevention measure is to take
extra safety precautions to avoid contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials.
T F 8.
HIV strengthens cells in the
body's immune system, gradually increasing the body's ability to fight
infection and certain cancers.
T F
9.
The
Exposure Control Plan contains details on what is being done in the workplace
to prevent exposures to Blood-Borne pathogens.
T F
10.
There are
two primary ways of protecting employees from infection by Blood-Borne
pathogens: using safer equipment (engineering controls) and changing the way
procedures involving infectious materials are carried out (work practice
controls). When neither of these two prevention methods is able to completely
protect employees from infection, then personal protective equipment (PPE)
should also be used.
T F 11.
Personal protective equipment
is unnecessary as an added precaution, after all possible engineering and work
practice controls have been implemented to try to minimize the risk of
infection.
T F 12.
The Hepatitis B vaccine must be
made available to any employees who may have occupational exposure to
Blood-Borne pathogens.
T F 13.
Proper labelling is not an
essential component of accident prevention.
T F
14.
Employers shall ensure that all
employees with occupational exposure participate in a training program which
must be provided during working hours at no cost to the employee. This is to be done at the time of initial work
assignment and whenever changes affect your exposure (e.g. new work
procedures), or annually.
T F
15.
All exposure incidents should
be recorded in writing as soon as possible after the incident, using a
standardized form designed to allow for efficient follow-up.
Short Answer
1. (4)
Circle the correct option being described:
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caused
by infection with
a micro-organism called
human immunodeficiency virus
|
AIDS
|
HBV
|
HCV
|
OPIMS
|
|
Examples
include
HBV, HCV, and HIV
|
BBP
|
BSI
|
PPE
|
OSHA
|
|
Usually
refers to needles
(e.g. hypodermic, IV, etc.)
|
Needleless Systems
|
Regulated Waste
|
Sharps
|
Universal Precautions
|
|
Controls
that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task
is performed
|
BSI
|
Engineering Controls
|
Universal Precautions
|
Work Practice Controls
|
2.
(4) For disease transmission to occur, the pathogen
must have a way to enter the bloodstream of another person. List the four ways
this can occur while working in the healthcare industry. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3.
(10) List ten activities that expose you to possible infection
while working in healthcare.
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
4.
(6) In
order for a person to become infected by a Blood-Borne pathogen, what three
conditions must be met:
1._________________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________________ 3._________________________________________________________________________
5.
(5) List five ways a needlestick injuries may occur while
working in healthcare.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6.
(6) Blood
and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) can host a variety of
different diseases. Three diseases in particular, due to the prevalence of
infections and the potentially deadly results of the diseases, are especially
important for workers to protect themselves from. The three Deadly Diseases are:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7.
(6) List
six other diseases that can also be transmitted through blood or OPIM.
________________________________ _______________________________________
________________________________ _______________________________________
________________________________ _______________________________________
8.
(6) Hepatitis
B is a serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). List six ways
this can manifest.
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
9. (8) List eight symptoms of HBV.
________________________________ _______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
10. (2) One in every ____ people is
expected to become infected with HBV at some point in their life.
11.
(2)
HBV can survive outside the body at least ____ days and still be capable of
causing infection
12.
(6)
List six symptoms of HIV
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________________
13.
(5) What are the five parts to the “Chain of
Infection”?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14. (1) Explain what the term Universal
Precautions means:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15.
(1)
Explain what Body Substance Isolation (BSI) is.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16.
(3)
Give three examples of Engineering Controls.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
17.
(3)
Give three examples of Work Practice Controls.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
18.
(8)
Give eight examples of PPE in the health care industry.
________________________________ ________________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________________
________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________________
19.
(5)
What is meant by the term “Proper Housekeeping”?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
20. (2) In
addition to the biohazard symbol, ______
___________________ may also be used to indicate the presence of
contaminated materials
21. (3) Explain three training scenarios
that may include specific OSHA policies.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
22. (5) After being exposed to a
possible infection by blood or other body fluid (especially involving a
needlestick or sharps injury), what steps need to be followed immediately?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
23. (1) Using the following information,
complete the Sample BBP Exposure Reporting Form below.
Joe Robland (employee number
1234) was working in the blood testing lab in District 11 and was getting ready
for lunch around 1145hrs on January 15, 2010, when he accidentally jabbed
himself in the right-hand, index finger with a needle that was used to draw
blood from his 36 year old patient (Peter Sellers from 184 Bonnechere St, in
Renfrew) who has HIV. Joe works for CMA as a lab assistant and immediately went
to his supervisor, Peter Patellie (the infection control officer in the lab)
who administered immediate First Aid and infection control procedures. Joe was
sent to RVH in his own car.
Exposed employee's name:__________________
Position:_________________________
SSN: __________________Company:____________ Department:______________________ District:_______________________patient:_______________________Sex:__________
Age:___Address:______________________________________________________________
Suspected / confirmed disease:_______________________________________________
Transported to: ___________________Transported by:___________________________
Date of exposure: ________________Time of exposure:__________________________
Type of incident (auto accident,
trauma):____________________________________
What were you exposed to?
Blood Tears Feces
Urine Saliva Vomitus
Sputum Sweat Other________________
What part(s) of your body became exposed? Be
specific:_______________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Did you have any open cuts, sores or rashes that became exposed? Be
specific:____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
How did exposure occur? Be specific:_________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Did you seek medical attention? Yes No
Where? __________________________ Date:_____________ Contacted infection control officer? Yes
No Date:__________
Time:_______ Supervisor's signature:_________________________
Date:_____________
Employee's signature: ______________________________________ Date:____________
